Orphic Sages

Orphic Sages

Defintion:

is a philosophy that has the idea of original sin, and there are constant ongoing cycles. Once something happens it will repeat itself in the future. It also has the aspect that everyone and everything with be reincarnated as something different, going back to the cycles.

Sample Sentences:
 
Orphic Sages Philosophy with the idea of original sin. 
 
It's a cycle, every year is the same thing, just as the orphic sages suggest.

If the orphic sages are correct, someday I will be reincarnated, hopefully into a butterfly.

Usage:

The Seven Sages and Orphism
http://hajarmulder.wordpress.com/2008/11/15/the-seven-sages-and-orphism/
Greek Mystery Schools
http://www.unexplainedstuff.com/Religious-Phenomena/Greek-Mystery-Schools-Dionysus.html
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Orphic Sages believe in the philosophy that is derived from a form of the cult of Dionysus, or Bacchus. These beliefs are not widespread in the US anymore. These people are said to believe in witchcraft. People with these beliefs often act and dress differently that "ordinary, everyday people." Those that believe this may have different morals and can causes actions to occur that can really hurt others.

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Monoism

Monoism

Definition:

Any of various theories holding that there is only one basic substance or principle as the ground of reality, or that reality consists of a single element.

Sample Sentences:

Transformations have taken place in the polity, which is reflected in the shift from monism to pluralism.

Using this argument it is possible to take a materialist stance whilst rejecting the implication of materialist monism that our minds are purely reactive.

A methodological monism of empirical science assumes that everything is essentially matter.

Usage:

New Advent - Catholic Encyclopedia
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10483a.htm

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/monism/

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Monisms is a philosophical term that contrasts with pluralisms and nihilisms.  Wherever pluralistic philosophy distinguishes a multiplicity of things, Monism denies that the manifoldness is real, and holds that the apparently many are phases, or phenomena, of a one. Wherever dualistic philosophy distinguishes between body and soul, matter and spirit, object and subject, matter and force, the system which denies such a distinction, reduces one term of the antithesis to the other, or merges both in a higher unity, is called Monism.  They attribute oneness to (the target), and how they count (the unit).  Illustrations show that monism must be relativized to both a target and a unit.

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Plato's Allegory of the Cave

Plato's Allegory if the Cave

Definition:

Plato's allegory of the cave is a hypothetical scenario depicted by an enlightening conversation between Socrates and Plato's brother, Glaucon. The conversation basically deals with the ignorance of humanity trapped within the precincts of conventional ethics.

Sample Sentences:

The Allegory of the Cave is one of Greek philosopher Plato’s most well known works.

In the Allegory of the Cave Plato plays with the notion of what would occur if people suddenly encountered the divine light of the sun, and perceived “true” reality.

In the beginning of the Allegory of the Cave Plato represents man’s condition as being “chained in a cave,” with only a fire behind him.

Usage:

Allegory of the Cave
http://faculty.washington.edu/smcohen/320/cave.htm

Allegory of the Cave - Plato's Allegory
http://platosallegory.com/

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Plato's Allegory of the Cave is a contrast in a way which we perceive and believe in what is reality.  The basic tenets we perseive are imperfect refections which represent truth and reality.  The puppeteers see their shadows but know they are just shadows and not real, prisoners can only seee the shadows and think they are real without seeing the true object from is causing shadows.  The prisoners return and repeat the process and get used to not seeing the light, then see the light/ reality so that they can realize more things they missed each time.  They learn about reality over and over again.

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Atheism

Atheism

Definition:

The doctrin or belief that there is no God.

Sample Sentences:

To be secular, a school would be neutral on the subject of religion or belief, including atheism.

By contrast, she says, atheism is more open, less condemning.

Indeed, it seems like the supreme irony that militant atheism has managed to acquire the mentality of a religion.

Usage:

American Atheists
http://atheists.org/

Atheist Alliance International
http://www.atheistalliance.org/

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Atheism is the belief that there is no god.  The number of non-religious people living in the Republic increases by 400% over the past 20 years, census figures say.  I believe that people should believe there is a God, because that was how we were put on this world, but for the people that don't know why we are on this earth or think they aren't worth being alive, more than likely believe there is no God and are Atheist. 

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Monotheism

Monotheism

Definition:

The doctrin or belief that there is only one God.

Sample Sentences:

The plague narrative is reading back a pure monotheism into the account which was not there at the time of the plagues.

However, destroying shrines belies your efforts to present a better version of your islamic monotheism.

Without the assumptions of biblical monotheism much that has been achieved under the influence of those assumptions may not be able to stand.

Usage:

About.com
http://atheism.about.com/library/FAQs/religion/blrel_theism_mono.htm

Britannica Online Encyclopedia
http://atheism.about.com/library/FAQs/religion/blrel_theism_mono.htm

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The word monotheism comes from the Greek monos, which means one, and theos, which means god.  Monotheism it is distinguished from polytheism, the belief in the existence of many gods, and from atheism, the belief that there is no god.  Monotheism characterizes the traditions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and elements of the belief are detectable in numerous other religions.  The history of religions, however, indicates many phenomena and concepts that should warn against oversimplification in this matter.

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Machiavelli

Machiavelli

Definition:

an Italian historian, politician, diplomat, philosopher, humanist and writer, who was born on May 3, 1469, in Florence, Italy.
Sample Sentences:

The reason for this is a small pamphlet Machiavelli wrote called The Prince to gain influence with the ruling Medici family in Florence.

Machiavelli entered the Florentine government as a secretary.

Machiavelli had been unfairly attacked all of his life because of a bad reputation.

Usage:

Brainy Quotes
http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/n/niccolo_machiavelli.html
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/machiavelli/
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Machiavelli's early life was in comparison with many important figures of the Italian Renaissance.  He studied politics and patriotism.  The first of his writings in a more reflective vein was ultimately the one most commonly associated with his name, The Prince.  The Prince was composed in a great rush by an author who was seeking to regain his status in the Florentine government.  He wrote verse, plays, and short prose, penned a study of The Art of War, and produced biographical and historical sketches.
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Skepticism

Skepticism

Definition:

Doubt or unbelief with regard to a religion.  The doctrines or opinions of philosophical Skeptics; universal doubt.

Sample Sentences:

Hood says that with each of the major transitions he's been a part of, he has faced skepticism.

Not surprisingly, the plans met with skepticism from colleges.

After all, out certainty arguably gets us into trouble more than our skepticism does.

Usage:

Matching Quote

"Skepticism is provisional, even if it lasts a lifetime."

-José Bergamín

http://quotes.dictionary.com/Skepticism_is_provisional_even_if_it_lasts_a?__utma=1.524944440.1349731199.1350488318.1350663722.11&__utmb=1.4.9.1350663968723&__utmc=1&__utmx=-&__utmz=1.1350663722.11.7.utmcsr=google|utmccn=(organic)|utmcmd=organic|utmctr=(not%20provided)&__utmv=-&__utmk=186464681

 

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/skepticism/

 

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Skepticism is the attitude of doubt of a disposition to incredibly in general or toward a particular object.  In the book Grendel, skepticism is used.  Grendel came into the world under his beliefs taught by his monther.  One day he's stuck outside of his comfort zone and he sees men, which change his perspective.  Then he sees men of the Hall, Unferth, the King, and more, and he's confused.  He also meets the Shaper, which tries to explain the "real" world to him, which only confuses Grendel more.  Also, he meets the dragon and is told to be more of an evil and vicious monster.  He then is swept up by the sweetness of Wealtheow.  Throughout Grendel, his beliefs and values are so confusing to him, he thinks everything has no meaning.  All of this is an example of skepticism.

 

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